Board certification is the formal credential that confirms a surgeon has completed an accredited residency program, passed rigorous written and oral examinations, and met the specialty's standards for ongoing education. Dr. Loredo is board certified in General Surgery by the American Board of Surgery and in the Hand Surgery subspecialty by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. This article explains what each certification represents, how the combination matters for complex cases, and how patients can verify a surgeon’s credentials.
What Board Certification Is
A medical license is the minimum legal requirement to practice. Each state grants a license after the physician has completed medical school, residency, and a licensing examination. The license alone does not confirm specialty training.
Board certification is a voluntary process layered on top of the medical license. To become board-certified in a surgical specialty, a physician must:
- Complete an accredited residency program (5 to 7 years for surgical specialties).
- Pass a comprehensive written qualifying examination.
- Submit a documented case log of independent surgical cases performed during residency.
- Pass an oral certifying examination based on real surgical scenarios and the candidate's case log.
- Maintain certification through ongoing continuing medical education, peer review, and periodic recertification examinations.
The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) is the umbrella organization that recognizes the 24 member boards, including the American Board of Surgery and the American Board of Plastic Surgery. Both boards have rigorous, multi-year processes that produce a small number of certified specialists each year.
The phrase "board-eligible" appears sometimes on physician profiles. It means the physician has completed the residency but has not yet passed all the certification examinations. Board-eligible is not the same as board-certified. Patients should ask if a surgeon describes themselves only as board-eligible.
The Boards Dr. Loredo Holds
1. American Board of Surgery: General Surgery. The foundation. General Surgery training covers trauma, abdominal surgery, vascular access, oncology principles, and the perioperative management of complex patients. Board certification confirms competency in the broad surgical fundamentals that underlie every subsequent specialty. For a hand surgeon, the value is in handling complex hand trauma where the patient also has injuries to other systems, in operating on patients with significant medical comorbidities, and in the surgical principles that apply across the body.
2. American Board of Plastic Surgery: Hand Surgery (Subspecialty). The hand subspecialty certification offered by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. Adds the plastic surgery perspective: soft tissue reconstruction, microsurgery, replantation of amputated digits, flap coverage of hand wounds, and aesthetic considerations in hand reconstruction. Awarded to surgeons who have completed plastic surgery training and have additional hand surgery fellowship experience.
Hand surgery as a field draws from both Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, and most hand surgeons come from one of those disciplines. Dr. Loredo’s combination pairs the General Surgery foundation with the plastic surgery route into the hand subspecialty.
A short introduction from Dr. Loredo. View on YouTube.
How the Combination Matters for Complex Cases
Most hand cases do not require this breadth of training. A routine carpal tunnel release or trigger finger release is well within the scope of any properly trained hand surgeon. Where the combination matters is in cases that cross specialty boundaries:
- Complex hand trauma. A crushed hand from an industrial accident may involve fractures (orthopedic-style management), tendon repairs (hand surgery technique), nerve repair (microsurgery), and soft tissue coverage (plastic surgery flap principles). One surgeon trained across these disciplines manages the entire case rather than coordinating multiple subspecialists.
- Replantation of an amputated finger or hand. Microsurgery to reanastomose vessels and nerves under the operating microscope, plus the plastic surgery skills needed for soft tissue and skin coverage, plus the hand surgery expertise to plan the long-term functional outcome.
- Reconstruction after tumor resection. Removing a soft tissue tumor of the hand is the orthopedic-style hand surgery component. Reconstructing the resulting defect with a flap is the plastic surgery component. Both happen in the same operation.
- Revision surgery after prior failed reconstruction. Salvage cases often need creative solutions that draw on multiple disciplines. A surgeon trained narrowly may be limited in the options available.
- Pediatric hand differences and congenital reconstruction. Long-term planning across multiple operations and growth stages benefits from breadth of training.
For the routine 80 to 90 percent of hand cases, the breadth of training is invisible to the patient. For the 10 to 20 percent that involve complexity, it can be the difference between a single comprehensive operation and a multi-stage, multi-surgeon coordination.
How to Verify a Surgeon's Credentials
Several authoritative sources allow patients to confirm board certification:
- certificationmatters.org: the American Board of Medical Specialties' public verification tool. Enter the surgeon's name and state. The tool returns all current ABMS-recognized certifications. This is the most authoritative source.
- State medical board website: for Texas, the Texas Medical Board (TMB) at tmb.state.tx.us. Provides licensure verification, certification listing, and any disciplinary actions.
- Hospital system websites: major hospital systems list their physicians' credentials on staff profiles. Useful for confirming hospital privileges in addition to certifications.
- Subspecialty society websites: the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) and the American Association for Hand Surgery (AAHS) maintain searchable directories of member hand surgeons.
- Direct conversation with the surgeon: a board-certified surgeon should be comfortable providing the certification names and certifying boards in conversation. Ambiguous answers warrant follow-up.
Patients should not rely solely on a clinic's marketing material. Independent verification through ABMS or the state board takes 5 minutes and confirms the credentials directly.
What to Ask When Comparing Surgeons
Beyond board certification, useful questions when comparing hand surgeons:
- Which hand surgery fellowship program did you complete and when?
- How many of [specific procedure] do you perform per year?
- What is your complication rate for [specific procedure]?
- Are you trained in both endoscopic and open techniques?
- Are you on staff at hospitals and surgery centers covered by my insurance?
- What is your approach to coordinating with hand therapists for post-operative rehabilitation?
- What languages does your office staff speak (for non-English-speaking patients)?
- If you cannot perform a needed advanced technique (microsurgery, replantation, complex reconstruction), to whom do you refer?
Credentials open the door. The conversation with the surgeon and the practice culture determine whether the credentials translate into the care experience the patient is looking for.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is board certification and why does it matter?
Board certification is a voluntary process beyond the minimum required medical license. A surgeon must complete an accredited residency program (5 to 7 years for surgical specialties), pass a rigorous written examination, complete a documented case log, pass an oral examination based on real surgical cases, and then maintain certification through continuing education and periodic recertification. Board certification is the standard credential that confirms a surgeon has met the specialty's training and competency requirements. It does not guarantee outcomes, but the absence of board certification in a surgical specialty is a significant red flag.
How rare is board certification?
Board certification in both General Surgery (American Board of Surgery) and the Hand Surgery subspecialty (American Board of Plastic Surgery) is uncommon. Most hand surgeons hold a single certification. This combination requires completing a general surgery residency plus plastic surgery training, plus an additional year of hand surgery fellowship, plus passing each set of board examinations. The total training is approximately 11 to 13 years after medical school. The breadth is most useful for complex cases involving trauma reconstruction, microsurgery, and the intersection of orthopedic-style hand surgery with plastic-surgery-style soft tissue reconstruction.
What does each certification add to patient care?
General Surgery (American Board of Surgery) provides the foundation in trauma management, sterile technique, anesthesia, perioperative care, and surgical decision-making across the body. This is essential for managing complex hand trauma where multiple systems are involved. The Hand Surgery subspecialty certification (American Board of Plastic Surgery) confirms specialized expertise in the hand, wrist, and elbow — peripheral nerve, tendon, fracture, and joint management — together with advanced soft tissue reconstruction, microsurgery, replantation, flap coverage, and the principles of restoring both function and form. The two together cover the breadth of cases a hand surgeon encounters.
How can I verify a surgeon's board certifications?
Use the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) website Certification Matters tool at certificationmatters.org. Enter the surgeon's name and state, and the tool returns all current ABMS-recognized board certifications. The Texas Medical Board (TMB) website also provides licensure verification and any disciplinary history. Major hospital systems list their physicians' credentials on their website. Asking the surgeon directly is also reasonable; a board-certified surgeon should be comfortable providing the certification names and the certifying boards. If a website lists certifications that do not appear in ABMS or sound unusual ('board-eligible' is not the same as board-certified), ask follow-up questions.
Related Reading
- About Dr. Loredo: full credentials, training, and practice philosophy.
- Veterans: VA Community Care eligibility and our connection to military service.
- All Procedures: the full range of hand surgery procedures performed.
- Hand and Finger Fractures: complex trauma where breadth of training matters.
- Why Same-Week Hand Surgery Matters: how a focused subspecialty practice structures access.